Uztaro

Mugimendu nazionalak eta gizartearen garapen industrial-kapitalista txanpon bateko bi aldeak baino ez dira, \"iraultza bikoitzaren\" (E. J. Hobsbawm) bi osagaiak. Ondorioz, langilegoaren eta nazioaren arteko harremanak eta harreman hauen inguruko eztabaidak ugariak izan dira XIX. mendeaz geroztik. Nazioarteko testuinguru hau abiapuntu hartuz, artikulu honetan Euskal Herriak ezagututako klase eta nazioaren arteko dialektika eztabaidatzen da. Dialektika honen fruiturik nabarmenetaritakoa 1911n sortutako ELA sindikatu nazionalista da eta Berrezarkuntzaren garaiko bere garapena eta iharduera sindikalista dira artikulu honen ardatz nagusiak. ELAren sorrera, bere kideen perfil soziala, ideologia, praxi sindikala eta nazionalismo politikoarekiko harremanak dira atal
desberdinetan aztertzen diren gaiak. Ondorioetan, besteak beste, nazionalismoak klase guztietan, eta ez bakarrik burgeserian, –marxista klasikoek pentsatzen zuten bezala–, sartzeko duen ahalmena baieztatzen da.

 

The national movements and the industrial-capitalist modernization of society are just two sides of the same coin, the two components of the \"Double Revolution\" (E.J. Hobsbawn). Consequently, since the 19th. century there have been frequent relations between the working class and the national question, as well as polemical discussions about the character of these relations. In the frame of this broader historical context, the article discusses the dialectic between class and nation in the Basque Country, focusing especially on the historical development during the Restauration-Monarchy of the nationalist trade union ELA, founded in 1911. In the different chapters, we outline a brief analysis of the foundation of ELA, the social profile of its members, its ideology and sindical praxis, as well as its relations to political nationalism. Among other conclusions, we could like to underline tha ability of nationalism to potentially penetrate all social classes, not only the bourgeoisie as was supposed by the marxist classics.