Uztaro

Nola eraiki komunikazio librea ahalbidetuko duten baldintzak? Galdera honi erantzun nahia agertzen da Jürgen Habermasen lanaren zati garrantzitsu batean. Gizateriaren hastapenetatik hona, gizakiak eginbehar nagusi bi izan ditu. Batetik naturari aurre egin beharra, bizirauteko behar dituen baldintzak egokitu ahal izateko. Bestetik gainerako gizakiekiko harremanak eraiki beharra, naturari elkarrekin aurre egiteko ezezik baita gizaki gisa garatzeko ere. Bigarren zeregin honetan, funtsezkoa da komunikazioa. Izan ere, komunikazioaren bitartez eraikitzen dituzte beren harreman-moduak gizakiek.

Gaurko gure gizartean, alabaina, mugatuta dago komunikazioa, kateatuta. Berez komunikazioaren eremu izan beharko lukeen gizarteko harremanen esparruan, gero eta presentzia handiagoa ari da hartzen arrazoipide instrumentala; naturarekiko jarreratik arrazoitzeko modua alegia: azken funtsean, Subjektua-Objektua harreman eredua planteatzen duen arrazoipidea. Horren kariaz, gizakiak objektu gisa ibiltzen du gizakia, ez subjektu gisa, naturaren gainean ezartzen den kontrol berbera beste gizakien gainean ere ezarriz.

Arazo hau mahaigaineratzera eta gainditzeko egoerak arakatzera –hots, komunikazioaren eginbeharra berreskuratzera– zuzentzen da, esan bezala, Habermasen lanaren zati handi bat.

 

How may we build the conditions that will allow a free communication? An important part of Jürgen Habermas’ work tries to answer this question. From the origin of humanity, men and women have had a double task. On the one hand, they have to face their relation with nature, in order to create the conditions they need for survival. On the other hand, they must live in relation with other human beings. At this task, communication is not only important: it is the way which human beings build their relationship through.

Today in our society, communication is very constrained. Some spheres of social relations, which should develop according to the rules of rational consensus, are now under instrumental reason: that is to say the type of reason we use in our relation with nature (Subject-Object). Due to this, people, ever in communication, address to people as object, not as subject or as human beings.

This question and the way to return to original aim of communication, are the issues that Habermas develops in a very significant part of his work.